Reform has brought about profound changes to the rudimentary power structure of villages. The power of community cadres is no longer involved in direct production and operation fields and their capability to control resources is largely reduced.

The background of migrant workers varies in different areas. In terms of the specific entities of migration, the reasons for farmers’ migration are different relating to their motivations, family conditions and personal background.

Literature researches and data analysis can illustrate the changes in rural areas, but as regards farmers’ life, a lot of changes cannot be detected by data analysis.

The opening-up of villages has brought about full exchanges of resources and information with the outside world.

The new rural policy issued by current government indicates that China’s rural development has entered an inspiring golden period.

With regard to rural development, the model of farmers’ involvement has been introduced to China’s for quite a number of years.

Fundamentally speaking, problems facing township governments now are not related to townships, but to the government.

In conventional thinking on climate negotiations, traditional fossil fuel-based economic growth is coupled with carbon emissions, thus mitigation has been regarded as a burden on economic growth.