With regard to rural development, the model of farmers’ involvement has been introduced to China’s for quite a number of years.

Fundamentally speaking, problems facing township governments now are not related to townships, but to the government.

As a modern bureaucratic body, community-level government is not adequately institutionalized. The crux for such institutional insufficiency features three facets.

The feature of corporatization-based community-level government is mainly reflected by taking economic growth and especially fiscal revenue as the utmost driver.

The process of reform is one of remaking institutional arrangements. In terms of rural reform, the first fundamental methodological question is what is the basis for making institutional arrangements.

In the process of social transition, there have arisen various new social problems and social demands. Solving these problems and meeting these demands also depend on, apart from government efforts, organized social forces.

Whether the people could participate in political affairs in wider areas and on a larger scale are gauges for measuring democratic development level.