By examining the goals and process of county and township reform in the past 20 years and more, we may find that practical evolvement of reform tend to go beyond the initial good wishes for policy design and get landed in a weak position.

With regard to township government administration, some township officials would describe their work as practical and also unpractical.

Operation of community-level government has now entered a “locked” state and formed a specific vicious path-dependence, with internal institutional innovation difficult to emerge.

In recent years, the government has become more aware of the significance of rural migrant workers’ training and organized a large number of training programs for rural migrant workers.

In view of the current social situation, it is important to pay attention to the cause of conflicts, and get to know how unstable factors have accumulated, and how unstable forces have grown.

The basic driving force for the development of China’s grassroots democracy can boil down to two respects: socio-economic growth, and governments’ leadership and direct guidance.

One of the major characteristics relating to grassroots democracy is direct election and direct participation.