Spain boasted second to none among European countries during the 15th and 16th centuries in overall national strength, but remained prosperous for merely a short time.
Brazil ushered in its golden age of development for a decade in the new era. The rapidly expanding economy has enabled Brazil to exert a significant influence on South America and the globe at large.
China is facing the challenge of rapid population aging. Traditional industrialization and urbanization supported by cheap labor is no longer sustainable.
To be a powerful nation in the world, China must change from a big manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country.
It is noteworthy to noticethe reason why France could not establish a modern country in the process of competing for an early rising among big powers, but faced a lot of difficulties in the course of modern transformation.
Germany became a global strong industrial country in the middle-to-later period of the19th century.
The United Kingdom was the first to realize industrialization in the world with global influence in the true sense.