The growth of global trade has slowed since the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008. The changing global trade structure significantly influences China's trade.

Amid the rapid urbanization process, the huge migrant population - consisting mainly of rural laborers - faces restrictions as migrants are unable to obtain permanent residence status in cities and are not entitled to basic public services.

The agricultural production of industrialized nations shows that once a country can be classified as middle-income, the growth in its agricultural production fluctuates.